1. Collapse lists. If there is a
list of things, supply a word or phrase for the whole list. For
example, if you saw swimming, sailing, fishing, and surfing, you could
substitute water sports.
2.
Use topic sentences.
Sometimes authors write a sentence that summarizes the whole paragraph.
If so, use that sentence in your summary. If not, you'll have to make
up your own topic sentence.
3.
Get rid of unnecessary detail.
Sometimes information is repeated or is stated in several different
ways. Some information may be trivial and unnecessary. Get rid of
repetitive or trivial information. Summaries should be short.
4.
Collapse paragraphs. Often,
paragraphs are related to each other. For example, some paragraphs
simply explain or expand on other paragraphs in a selection. Some
paragraphs are more important than others. Join the paragraphs that are
related. Important paragraphs should stand alone.
5.
Polish the summary. When you
collapse a lot of information from many paragraphs, the resulting
summary sometimes sounds awkward and unnatural. There are several ways
to remedy this: add connecting words such as
like or
because,
or write introductory or closing statements. Another method is to
paraphrase the material; this will improve your ability to remember what
you read and enable you to avoid plagiarism- using the exact words of
the author.